Influências de uma política pública educacional na transformação de uma obra didática de química

Abstract

The textbooks have an important role in teaching and learning processes, which causes a recurring object in educational research, also occupying a prominent situation in the context of Brazilian public policies. Most of the times, is not the only teaching material made available by teachers and students from public school, but has always been the most common, disseminated and evidenced by teachers and researchers, especially in the last decades with the creation of the National Didactic Book Program for High School (PNLEM). In this context, this work investigates the aspects in which the Brazilian public educational policy influenced in the (re)elaboration of a didactic work of Chemistry area. The research was developed in the molds of a qualitative approach, with elements of the case study. It was analyzed the collections of the aforementioned work participants of the processes of selection of PNLEM/PNLD, since the notice of 2007. Didactic modules identified as precursor of Collection Didactics in the study were also considered in the assays. We used as instruments for data collection the documental analysis and interviews, focusing on the processes book ́s (re)elaboration “Química Cidadã”, The data reported were collected through analysis and description of the collection and organized by categories, which have been established in accordance with the assessment sheets made available in the catalog and in didactic guides issued after each selection PNLEM/PNLD. The three interviews were performed, being two with the authors of the collection and another with a Chemistry ́s teacher of basic education, which adopts the didactic work in study. Audio-recorded, transcribed and textualized, the interviews were taken as monads narratives, (Benjamin, 2012) have been drawn up. The policies cycle proposed by Stephen Ball and his collaborators, comprises part of the theoretical assumptions used in order to discuss the contexts of public policies on research carried out. To deal on the evolution of the didactic book and the textbook of Chemistry, authors such as Mortimer (2008), Lopes (1996, 2002, 2005 and 2011), Francalanza (1993), Schnetzler (1980, 2010), were used, among others. The results indicate that the changes observed among the collections are at the editorials graphical aspects, for being the main responsible for the aesthetic appearance of the collection, in the interior of this aspect, the changes occurred in the quantity of images, colors and texts. In addition, the discourse of collaborators it is possible to identify that the changes happen only in accordance with the guidelines of the announcement. It is evident that the analyzed aspects suffer direct influences of Announcement, because its modifications and adaptations occurred in accordance with the guidelines established in each selection process. Especially when considering the didactic books as products of disputes which are established in the context of influence in agreement with the other contexts, “Química Cidadã” collection presents during its history, adaptations performed according to the guidelines of the National Textbook Program (PNLD).