A expansão do acesso ao ensino superior no estado de Mato Grosso – 1991 a 2010 : mudanças ou permanências?

Abstract

The research in question is inserted on the discussions about the expansion of higher education access, between 1991 and 2010 in the state of Mato Grosso, understood in the context of public policies and its effectiveness as a democratization instrument of this education level. During the process of implementing the higher education expansion policy, programs were created aiming to diminish educational inequalities, such as PROUNI in 2007 and the Law of Quotas in 2012. However, studies show that there are mechanisms that difficult the process of easing the inequalities of higher education access due to the unequal distribution of resources in the society, which include economical, cultural, social and symbolic capitals, in addition to the symbolic violence suffered by students of the black race. In this way, this study aimed to study the process of higher education expansion in the state of Mato Grosso, identifying if there were any changes on the profile of students and graduates that had acces to higher education, on the period between 1991 to 2010. It was chosen a methodology with emphasis on quantitative analysis and a theoretical perspective based on Pierre Bordieu’s key-concepts of field, habitus and capital. The data gathering was divided in two steps: the first had as goal characterize the expansion of higher education through INEP’s Higher Education Census from 1996 to 2013. The second step analyzed the profile of students and graduates through IBGE’s Demographic Census of years 1991, 2000 and 2010. The results from INEP revealed a continuity of commercial education with increasing predominance of the private over the public and the data from IBGE showed changes on the profile of students and graduates when the variables of sex, age, color or race, income and school system were analyzed. However, the campus still does not reflect Mato Grosso’s society, since most of the universitary population is composed of white race people and in the state of Mato Grosso, most people are brown.