Pequenos empreendimentos, grandes impactos : estudo das PCH’s quanto aos aspectos ideológicos, legais e impactos ambientais na Bacia do Rio Cuiabá com estudo de caso na sub-bacia do Rio São Lourenço, em Mato Grosso

Abstract

In recent years, after the privatization of the production and services sector , the federal government has encouraged the production of energy for Small Hydropower Plants (SHP) , promoting the proliferation of such projects across the country , and Mato Grosso figure third in number of small dams. This study evaluates the deployment of these plants are considered clean energy or " green power" within the Cuiabá river basin, case study in the sub - basin of the São Lourenço River , in Mato Grosso as well as its legal implications , impacts inherent environmental and social . A total of 37 power plants planned for Mato Grosso, 13 SHPs are in operation , and this total were chosen Seven: São Lourenço SHP, Rondonópolis SHP, Engenheiro José Gelásio da Rocha SHP, Pequi SHP, Sucupira Embaúba SHP and Cambará SHP, where impacts to nature were evaluated through analysis of landscape modification, consisting of on-site observation, recording and analysis of photographic images and terrestrial, satellite images, as well as surveys and data from official bodies treatments such as the Agência Nacional das Águas ( ANA ) , the Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ( ANEEL ) and Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. (Eletrobras), as well as information from the local media and specific legislation . One can check that the SHP, although considered as a source of " clean energy " hide relevant to the nature impacts , exacerbated as the project developed . There are impacts to biota as: preventing the reproduction of migratory fish, physical and chemical changes of water, changes of river hydrodynamics, mandatory change in lifestyle and residential location of riparian, among others. When the cascade arrangement , the impacts are as relevant as a hydroelectric plant large , with the aggravation of having flexible legislation , government incentives and the erroneous condition of participation in the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ). Thus, PLWHA have proliferated significantly in the country and especially in the Cuiabá river basin, a major contributor rivers of the Pantanal, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve assured as National Heritage by the Brazilian Federal Constitution .