Avaliação de atributos do solo sob diferentes sistemas de manejo e uso

Abstract

The development of sustainable agricultural systems arises from the understanding and quantification of the land use and management impact on the chemical, physical and biological attributes of soil. This work aimed to: (1) assess the effects of different cropping systems and pasture on the chemical, physical and biological attributes of Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol), comparing them with an area of native Cerrado; (2) select the attributes that allow the separation of the different systems and clustering of similar systems. The study was conducted on a private property, located near Campo Verde city, MT. Five areas were selected consisting basically of three areas with annual crops, one with pasture and another with native Cerrado, this one used as a reference. Soil samples were collected at 0 to 20 cm depth, which it was sectioned in layers 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm, for that three mini trenches were opened in each system. The design used within the systems was completely randomized with three replications. For the multivariate technique, initially it was performed principal components analysis to verify the relationship between variables, and later held the sum of squares of correlation coefficients. The chemical attributes were positively influenced by the systems. Among the physical attributes stands out aggregates in the annual crops that reduced the geometric mean diameter greater than 2 mm. The microbial biomass was negatively affected by annual crops. Variables that stood out in the complex relations of the soil and allowed the distinction of systems were pH in CaCl2, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, sum of base, base saturation, aluminum saturation, organic matter, bulk density, total porosity, sand e clay.