Trabalho escravo rural contemporâneo e a implementação do projeto de qualificação para os egressos no estado de Mato Grosso

Abstract

This master’s degree dissertation discusses the Slave Rural Labor in Contemporary Brazil from a thematic approach that analyses the process of occupational (re) integration of originary slave labor workers in the state of Mato Grosso, during the period of 2009 to 2010. It compounds the set of actions developed by the government to eradicate the practice of over exploitation of human labor in this century. The analysis refers to the socio-historical development of the country which provides information to understand the set of expressions that characterizes the Brazilian social issue and its growing complexity with the development of capitalism and its monopolistic arrangement. At this point, criminal ways of labor force exploitation arise in the public scene with the intensification of the conflicts for the use and tenure of lands that, when regulated, set the historical position of the Brazilian State in order to guarantee the course of private appropriation of the wealth, socially produced by the hands of selected group owners of means of production. The term Slave Labor enroots itself in Brazil due to the political stand of the civil society in not accept the concept of forced work defined by the International Labor Organization (ILO), by understanding that any way of over exploitation of the labor force nowadays is such a brutal attack to the fundamental human rights as the slavery legitimized for more than three centuries in Brazil. In the present time, slave labor shows characteristics of restriction of workers freedom by overpriced debts, documents retention, physical isolation, ostensive surveillance, threatens and by subhuman work conditions typified on the article 149 of the Criminal Code. This investigation characterizes itself as an exploratory type of study constituted by a plan of data collection, procedures, technical apparatus of documental and bibliographic research, semi-structured interviews, formularies and reports. Additional steps to execute the field research were made in 2011, in order to know, systemize and analyze the data referred to the implement of the pilot project: “Inter-institutional action to qualify and occupational replace of workers from slave labor or in a vulnerable situation in Mato Grosso”. This action is conducted by the Regional Labor Superintendency of Mato Grosso and Attorney General for Labor of Mato Grosso, Federal University of Mato Grosso and other partners. The results about social-economic profile of the interviewed workers in Cuiaba are similar to those traced by ILO in a research published in 2011: migrants, naturals from the northeast region, illiterates, declare themselves black or dun skinned, rural workers, etc. The analysis reveals an attempt of this project on establishing a linkage of the public policies on a state sphere, like the social assistance and work and employment which have offered professional capacitating courses to the workers originated from slavery or in a situation of vulnerability in the state, already intrinsic to the regulation and the functioning of these politics. This research embraced the partnerships with the private sector on the courses execution and the (re) integration in work formal market, from the criticism that the social service literature has been building about the politics, projects on the field of generation of work, employment and income that lead to a new way of enterprise philanthropy endowed under the motto “Social Responsibility”, with the purpose to attain media promotions and self projections in the inner and outer markets.