Escola, colonização e formação da identidade do colono : história e memórias da terra prometida de Alta Floresta – MT (1976-1982)

Abstract

In 1970, the federal government, aiming to occupy land in the Amazon region, developed private colonization projects. To stimulate this occupation, the Brazilian president at the time, Emilio Garrastazu Medici, who implemented the National Integration Plan (PIN), to integrate the Amazon region to the other ones through colonization. With the construction of the Cuiabá-Santarém (BR-163), parallel to the land occupation, the PIN, began to be carried out, marking a new phase in the occupation and development of economic and political activities in the state of Mato Grosso, facing the occupation and colonization of Mato Grosso North. In this context, the colonization project and occupation of Alta Floresta, by colonizing Indeco, sought to effect school within the colonizing project. Considered it a priority because it was used as a colonial advertisement to attract migrants from southern Brazil. It would also help in the migrants process formation, aimed at school organization in recent colonization projects of Mato Grosso. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the school and colonization within the identity formation of migrants in the building of the municipality of Alta Floresta process. The methodology used was based on the New Cultural History, with qualitative and documentary character, based on written and iconographic documents, located in the collections of the Victoria School Furlani Riva, at the Museum of the State University of Mato Grosso / UNEMAT-AF (Memory Project colonization), Settler Indeco SEDUC / MT, Public Archives of Mato Grosso / APMT, Documentation Centre and Regional Information / NDIHR-UFMT and the Research Group in History and Education Memory / GEM-UFMT, but it was also captured data through the testimony, inserted in the field of Oral History. As a category of analysis, were elected colonization, identity and the school culture, along with the concepts of representations and appropriations. The theoretical underpinning research are Chartier, Certeau, Julia, Sanfelice, Nosella and Buffa, other than the authors dealing with the process of colonization of the Midwest and Amazon, in particular those dealing with the North of Mato Grosso. The survey results indicate that school has held important role in the process of occupation and colonization of the municipality of Alta Floresta / MT, including the mission of attracting migrants and make them embrace the colonization project. The permanence and the consequent local development occurred due to the training process conducted by school insurance. It was found that, while passing through the training process, migrants received influence of the school and the colonizing also influencing the process, with their way of being and acting before the new social context. Even with the difficulties that the new environment provided, the migrant had to adapt to the new location, the climate and the opening of the forest, among other difficulties. It was left to the educational principles lead them to adopt Alta Floresta as your new place, seen as the hope of a better life for themselves and their children, was the "promised land." That was the main task entrusted to the association of Alta Floresta.