Proteção preventiva ao meio ambiente de trabalho rural

Abstract

The health and safety of rural workers in Brazil are severely threatened by occupational accidents, chemical compounds that cause illnesses, imposition of work similar to slavery, unhealthy work, dangerous, painful and degrading work, which they eventually disregard as norms of protection rural work environment. As a rule, the damage to the health of the worker is not subject to full reparation, which is why the best response to these problems is the study of preventive protection to the rural working environment. In this way, this paper, through the method of bibliographic and documentary research, aims at analyzing the preventive protection of the rural working environment in Brazil from a legal and pragmatic point of view. Therefore, in the first chapter, the problem of the rural working environment from the existing intimate implication between the concepts of human dignity and the fundamental right to work was analyzed. Next, the impacts of agrarian policy and agrarian reform on the protection of the rural working environment were studied, emphasizing, above all, a healthy rural working environment as a requirement to fulfill the social function of the rural property, as well as the understanding of the agrarian policy and agrarian reform as a way of social inclusion of rural workers through the access to the fundamental right to work. Then, the anachronistic practices of the existing rural work in the country, such as the slave-like work and the degrading work were addressed, in order to clearly demonstrate the situation of exclusion and helplessness that many rural workers experience. Conversely, it has been demonstrated that the modernization of the field, with the rise of pesticides and various machinery, also threatens the health and safety of the rural worker, and the need for preventive protection to the rural working environment has been affirmed. In the following chapter, the conceptualization through the applicable legislation, of what is understood by rural working environment was made, and the relationship with the right to health in the context of the rural working environmental protection was demonstrated. Next, the balanced rural working environment was classified as a component of decent work and green jobs, both concepts created by the International Labor Organization. The international protection given to the rural working environment was studied highlighting the International Conventions, ratified by Brazil, which address the matter. The preventive norms in the Consolidation of Brazilian Labor Laws, in the Regulatory Norm no. 31 of the Ministry of Labor and Federal Constitution gained significance in this study. The last chapter, emphasized the preventive measures in defense of the rural working environment from the perspective of the following actors: Public Ministry, Ministry of Labor, unions, rural employers and workers. The aim was to verify which problems should be overcome by them in order to give full effect to the norms of preventive protection using the legal means available.