Saúde, ambiente e contaminação hídrica por agrotóxicos na terra indígena Marãiwatsédé, Mato Grosso

Abstract

The monoculture for exportation demands a big portion of land to the production, which impulses the processes of deforestation, occupation and exploration of new areas. In the northeastern part of the Mato Grosso, the indigenous land (IL) Marãiwatsédé, territory of the ethnic Xavante, was occupied in the decade of 1950 by non-indigenous. Since the total removal of the Xavante of their own territory, the area was disputed by the non-indigenous. In the year of 2010, after the determination of possession of the IL to the Xavante, the total process of disintrusion of nonindigenous occupants was concluded in 2013. However, no evaluation sanitary and environmental was made by the federal institutions responsible to the devolution and return of the indigenes to their original land. On the period of absence of the Xavante from the IL, the land was used to the production of crops such as rice, soybeans, corn and pastures. This model of agriculture is chemical-dependent of pesticides and fertilizers in the process of production which may exposure the populations to chemical residues directly or indirectly by environmental matrices (air, soil and water) and biological (fish, birds and mammals) contaminated. The aim of this study is verify the water contamination by pesticides in the IL Marãiwatsédé and report other negatives impacts of the agribusiness in the community's health. Thus it were conducted the studies of a) quantification of the agriculture production by a historical series and the pesticide consumption estimate within IL, b) Verify the presence of pesticides in the water and sediments of rives through chemical analyses, and c) reports of the environmental health situation, due to the process of agricultural production inside of the IL. It was found the increase of the annual consumption of pesticides, being the glyphosate, the methamidophos and the 2,4-D, being glyphosate, the methamidophos and the 2,4-D, the most commonly used pesticides. From the seven collected points of the chemical analysis to the detection of the pesticides presence in the superficial water and sediment of rives it was detected the presence of the pesticide permethrin in the point P01, in the concentration of 0.19µ/l. This concentration is smaller than the LMR to this pesticide in the water potability legislation (Portaria MS 2.914/2011). It was analyzed only 12 substances besides of other limitations of the method. Though, it is questioned the effects of this substances inside of the IL. In this point there were reports of sickness after drinking water from this location. The environmental health inside of the IL was fragile because to the large environmental degradation by wildfires, deforestation, exposure to a pile of chemical fertilizers and bottles of pesticides that are spread in different places of the IL. Beside that there is crops around the area of the IL, increasing the risk of contamination of the rivers sources and the environmental of the IL from "outside to inside"