Dinâmica espaço temporal da temperatura superficial da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Tenente Amaral-MT por sensoriamento remoto

Abstract

The dynamic of use and land cover have significantly influence in the surface temperature classes. Extremely high and low temperatures have direct negative impacts on ecosystems. Therefore, knowing the thermal patterns in tropical Regions, originally covered by Cerrado, where land use has been replaced by monocultures of short and long cycle, areas of urban influence, and disturbed areas, are essential, to clarify that the thermal amplitude ranges beings living are exposed along the seasons. In this context, this research has the objective to investigate the seasonal variations of surface temperature over the use and occupation of land in the Basin of Tenente Amaral in Jaciara, Mato Grosso, through the use of Remote Sensing: Landsat 5 satellite images of Thematic Mapper sensor (TM) for the four seasons. In the seasonal mappings of categories of use and land cover, were also described types of agricultural crops, used the spectral bands 5R, 4G and 3B respectively for February 1 (Summer), 22 April (Autumn), July 11 (winter) and September 29 (Spring) 2011. The method used for these mappings is the visual interpretation. To the thermal mapping were used four thermal bands of Landsat TM 5 (Band 6) based on the method described by Chander, Helder & Markham (2009). These mappings are employees to interpret the distribution, variations and changes in surface temperature and land use. Of the total sampled for the categories of land use and land cover in function of surface temperature, were discretized 23.000 samples for the summer, 30.851 for autumn, 31.941 for winter and 39.833 samples for spring. As result, it was found that differential cooling and heating of different land uses resulted in large temperature ranges. Higher temperatures are associated with the exposed soil and urban influence, the low bands surface temperatures are found in areas of natural vegetation. The information of surface temperature acquired through remote sensing techniques with the use of thermal infrared channel TM / Landsat-5, show to be satisfactory from the point of using geo technology in rural and urban environments, contributing to the identification, spatialization and in understanding problems, that can be applied in other date ranges and different places. Therefore, this research brings elements that confirm the impact of the substitution of native vegetation on a large scale on the thermal discomfort in Cerrado Region, thus calling attention to the effects of anthropogenic interference with the environment.