Lâmpadas tubulares LED x fluorescentes : estudos de viabilidade, na perspectiva da qualidade da energia e eficiência elétrica

Abstract

This work presents a study carried out on the replacement of fluorescent tubes for interior lighting LED (light emitting diode) tubular lamps. The work addresses the electrical efficiency achieved by replacing, based on the charging system in Brazil called "Tariff Flags", which it is scheduled for 2015. Also the power quality is discussed, focusing on the distortion of voltage and current waveforms. Therefore, is evaluated the performance of tubular lamp T8 type: tubular fluorescent lamp 20 W and LED tube of 10 W. These lamps, despite the different power ratings, have the same physical dimensions, why can be replaced without distinction without the need to change or adaptations of the luminaires. After mounting a laboratory arrangement with selected lamps measurements were taken and analyzed. The studies showed evidence that the high investment that would be required for large-scale replacement of fluorescent tubes for its LED equivalent was not attractive from a financial point of view. In reaching this finding were made calculations following the manual guidelines set called "Energy Efficiency Program Procedures - PROPEE - Module 7 - Economic Viability", proposed by the National Electric Energy Agency - ANEEL. On the other hand when analyzing the power quality, a satisfactory result was achieved, since the levels of voltage and electric current distortions of tubular LED lamps are inferior to those caused by electronic ballast used in the drive for tubular fluorescent lamp. From an environmental aspect, because they are not known elements employed environmental pollutants such as mercury and sodium in manufacturing LED lamps, this type of artificial light source is less harmful to the environment than fluorescent on disposal of the same. In addition to experimental studies are presented computational studies of a computational model developed for the study LED lamp. The model is validated with experimental results obtained with the lamp. Thus there is provided a tool that can be used in the future to forecast the effects of these lamps in the power grid. In the final part the work presents the results of luminotechnical studies conducted according to NBR 5382 - Illuminance Interior Verification, pointing to a little superior performance of tubular fluorescent lamps compared to the LED models used in this research.