Etnofarmacopéia do Vale do Juruena, Amazônia Legal, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Abstract

Mato Grosso presents three major biomes of Brazil, represented by the Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal. In the North of Mato Grosso Region, lies the Valley of the Juruena, consisting of 7 municipalities, containing a rich flora and ethno-cultural diversity, but only a fraction of this biodiversity is known, requiring the need for more biological inventories to enable their conservation and sustainable use. Objective of the study: Raise, identify, catalog and document the species of medicinal plants used by the people who inhabit the valley of the Juruena, evaluate them from the point of view of qualitative and quantitative ethnobotany, select and analyze chemically and pharmacologically, based on literature, the most used species. Materials and Methods: A representative sample was obtained cross-sectional study of probability, population-based, by simple random sampling. Informants were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire containing sociodemographic variables, botanical and ethnopharmacological of medicinal plants. Evaluated parameters as were body system (CS), use category (CU), frequency of use (FU), relative importance (RI), informant consensus factor (FCI), importance value syndromic (VIS) for the preparation of classifications of diseases prevalent in the community and selection of species of plants with therapeutic potential. In addition, principal component analyzes were performed (ACP) and botanical cluster analysis (ABA). Results: Of the 393 respondents, 93% (365) said they used medicinal plants, totaling 3,973 use of quotations, accounting for three hundred thirty-two (332) medicinal plants, belonging to 90 families. Asteraceae (32.2%), Fabaceae (26.7%) and Lamiaceae (24.4%) were the most representative families, the majority of native species (64.4%). The sheet used was the most part (64.5%) and the most common infusion was prepared (45.3%). Gastrointestinal diseases (21.13%), followed by respiratory complaints (20.60%) top the use of quotations list. Native plants with greater use of quotations as emic classification were Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. (97), Mentha pulegium L. (94), brasiliana Alternathera (L.) Kuntze (71), Baccharis crispa Spreng (57), Phyllanthus ninuri L. (48), Gossypium barbadense L. (44), Solidago microglossa DC. (40) and Bauhinia forficata L. (20), while cultured Chenopodium ambrosioides L. were exotic (151), Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapfc (104), Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (89) Rosmarinus officinalis L. and (72). The FCI values ranged from 0.14 to 0.85 for the emic classification, from 0.00 to 0.88 for ICD-10 and 0,00- 0.87 for Cook-Kew, with highlights for Mentha x piperita L. (FCI = 0.85), hairy Bidens (FCI = 0.88) and Cymbopogon citratus (FCI = 0.87), respectively. Among the species Rosmarinus officinalis (VIS = 0.016) was the most used in the Juruena Valley according to Ranking. The taxonomic group with the highest number of citations was Lamiids, and Mentha x piperita L. (174 citations) the most used. The most common diseases that can be treated by species Lamiids group based on principal component analysis were Dsr, Dsd, Dip and Dsg, with 85.34% change. Plants with similarity in taxonomic groups are used to treat the disease DSR, DSO, DSD, DSC, DIP, DSG, DMC and DOM strongly correlated. Conclusion: The population of the Juruena Valley makes use of a wide variety of medicinal plants, distributed in various corporias systems, predominantly those used in the gastrointestinal and respiratory treatments. The therapeutic potential of some of the medicinal importance of species widely used by people in the region have been scientifically validated and therefore are promising prototypes of new drugs. However, there are some of these species whose ethnomedicinal uses are yet to be scientifically proven and therefore constitute an unexplored terrain for future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.