Etnobotânica e propagação de espécies medicinais

Abstract

This study was done to rescue the knowledge of medicinal herb doctors and healers of Sinop. Were cited 370 species totaling 1024 citations of uses. The species are distributed in 97 botanical families, being the most cited Asteraceae with 23 species, followed by Fabaceae with 22 species and Lamiaceae with 21 species. The marsh cane (Costus arabicus L.) was the most important native species use followed by jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and leather hat (Echinodorus grandiflorus Mitch.). From the knowledge of healers from Sinop was performed bibliographic native species that had value in use for the healers to check propagation studies, then five species were chosen to study the spread. Dorstenia brasiliensis, D. asaroides, Strychnos rubiginosa, Palicourea coriaceae and Palicourea marcgravii, several studies have pharmacological, toxicological, botanical, chemical and therapeutic potential, but it is necessary to study on the propagation and agronomic suitability to cropping systems. We evaluated the vegetative propagation of cuttings in two different substrates for Dorstenia, and seed propagation for Strychnos, Palicourea coriacea and P. marcgravii. It was found that the primary rhizome is the most suitable for vegetative propagation of D. asaroides in vermiculite. To D. brasiliensis there are variations in the results of fresh and dry weight of shoot, dry weight of rhizome and leaf number of shoots due to the rhizome apical, medial and basal and substrate type, but stand the rhizome apex and the base substrate 40% soil + sand 30% + 30% humus. The best method to break dormancy of seeds of P. marcvravii was soaking in GA3 (600 mg / L) promoted germination of the seeds 45%. The gibberellin promoted germination of 25% of the seeds of P. coriacea. The process of soaking the seeds of S. rubiginosa has triphasic. The seeds of Strychnos rubiginosa present dormancy and treatments to overcome seed dormancy feature similar to control. This knowledge generated should be cherished, through actions that enable and ensure the use of natural resources by the population, especially medicinal plants.