Relações entre o equilíbrio corporal, desempenho motor e composição corporal de escolares com faixa etária entre 11 e 14 anos

Abstract

The Association of the lifestyle of the population to the sedentary habits has provided an early involvement of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity and physical disability in young schoolchildren, including problems in the balance and motor performance. The body balance is critical to the achievement of various daily activities. Imbalances can cause falls, injuries, fractures and if acquired during childhood can endure throughout adulthood. The motor coordination is a harmonious interaction between various body systems to produce accurate and balanced kinetic actions. Whereas physical latent changes occur during the period of childhood and adolescence, we note that this stage of life, promotes relevant changes on the complexity and quality of motor actions. Diagnose engine performance levels in children and adolescents can promote prevention, conservation and improving health and quality of life. Body composition can interfere with motor performance and body balance especially in overweight and obesity. Biomechanical negative effects related to obesity are found in children and adolescents, as changes in motor skills and body balance. The present work aimed to identify possible relationships between body balance, motor performance and body composition of schoolchildren of both sexes, aged between 11 and 14 years old, enrolled in a public school of Barra do Garças – MT. Were evaluated in 105 schools (male n=60 and female n=45) the body balance through the stabilographic analysis, considering the total displacement of the Center of Pressure (CP) on the platform of strength; the motor performance by testing KTK (Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder) considering the Motor Quotient (QM) and body composition through the body fat percentage (%GC) and Body Mass Index (BMI). The results showed an incidence of 38% and 36% in boys and girls, respectively, by BMI above the Ideal. In relation to the %GC 28% of observed girls and 22% of children classed as Above the Ideal. When schoolchildren were divided by age group, the Group 11/12 years showed 44% and 36% of individuals with BMI and %GC above the Ideal. The age 13/14 years showed 32% and 18% of individuals with BMI and %GC above the Ideal. Larger values were found for the variables of body balance: anteroposterior speed (p<0.01), mediolateral speed (p<0,001) and Total displacement of CP (p<0,001) in the group with %GC and IMC sub-optimal compared to the Ideal and groups above the Ideal. With respect to motor performance girls QM values lower than those of boys (p<0,001). The group with %GC below the Ideal presented greater values of QM compared to Ideal groups (p<0,05) and above the Ideal (p<0,05). Inverse correlation was observed between the QM, %GC and BMI (r=-0,432 and r=-0,254, respectively). The correlation between the variables of offset from CP, ML speed and QM proved positive (r=0,308 and r=0,206, respectively). In this sense, the results allow to conclude that there are relationships between body composition, body balance and motor performance of between 11 and 14-year-old school, or not specific to sex and age group.