Cirurgia segura : construção e validação de tecnologia educacional

Abstract

This research has the objective of building and validating an educational technology about safe surgery for education of health professionals. This is a research of mixed methods, sequential and exploratory, with qualitative emphasis, performed in three steps, using the Meaningful Learning and the Pasquali Model as benchmarks. The research was performed in the Surgical Center and Surgical Clinic of the University Hospital of Cuiabá-MT, being conducted in the following steps: 1) Survey of knowledge of professionals about safe surgery, through semi-structured interviews with 24 professionals, whose data were analyzed by content analysis of the thematic type; 2) Taking the results of the first step, together with the literature review, a handbook about safe surgery was built; 3) Validation of content by 16 expert judges, using survey the monkey program and a questionnaire composed by 3 evaluative blocks: objectives, structure and relevance; followed by validation of appearance by the target audience, total of 26 health professionals of the surveyed institution, using an on-site questionnaire composed by 5 evaluative blocks: objectives, organization, structure, writing style and appearance. In order to analyze the questionnaires, simple descriptive statistics was used, and to evaluate the agreement, the Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated. The analysis of the interviews has resulted in the following categories: Conceptions of the multiprofessional health team about safe surgery – from primary care to hospital discharge; Management and safe surgery – planning, material resources, people management, infrastructure and protocols; and Educative actions for the implementation of safe surgery. In the understanding of interviewees, safe surgery starts in primary care and goes on after discharge. The dimensions involved in the safe surgery process are: management, human resources, materials and infrastructure. The actions required for the implementation, besides the correction of the problems found, have included education for professionals, students, teachers, caregivers and patients. The educative material produced titled “Safe Surgery: Technical handbook for health professionals” was comprised of 62 pages in the first version, and it was built in the Publisher program, with pictures obtained in the image database of the internet. From the evaluation of the content of the handbook by expert judges, we obtained approval in the three blocks: objectives, 91,25% (I), structure, 83,75% (II) and relevance, 87,5% (III), thus meeting the 80% starting level of consensus. The suggestions were: suitability for the language of the target audience, reduction of the number of pages and improvement in the resolution of images. The suggestions were mostly accepted, and the restructured handbook with 40 pages was submitted to the target audience. From their evaluation, we obtained approval in the blocks: objectives (94,8%), organization (93,9%), writing style (95,5%), appearance (87,5%) and motivation (93,5%). The suggestions were related to resolution of images and, once more, to reduction of content, which were accepted. We have concluded that professionals are concerned about patient safety, have partial knowledge about the safe surgery protocol and also point out actions for implementation. To that end, the institution needs to solve the identified problems. Regarding the handbook, it is suitable from the standpoint of validity of content and appearance to be used in the education of the multidisciplinary team.