Impactos ambientais de sistemas construtivos : um exercício de análise de ciclo de vida

Abstract

The quantification of environmental impacts in the construction of a building has proven to be a complex task, this is due to the large amount of materials and processes involved in the production chain and also the lack of inventory data for the Brazilian reality. In this scenario the Life Cycle Assessment methodology (LCA) has been shown to be a tool to measure the potential impacts on the construction of a building, but it is still a little methodology used by the construction industry. In this study, the normative principles of ACV were applied to the main construction of a building systems in order to identify the contribution of each system in

the environmental impact categories analyzed, considering a cradle approach the gate (cradle- to-gate). The object of the study building was built with conventional materials and widely

used in the state of Mato Grosso, such as reinforced concrete structure and sealing ceramic bricks and building systems considered were Foundation, superstructure, Fence, Covering, Frames and jackets for the functional unit of 1.0 m2 of built area. The inventory was drawn from the Ecoinvent 2.0 database, adopting the recipe midpoint H, Word as Assessment method Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). The system modeling was performed with the help of the software SimaPro 8.0. Impact categories selected were Climate Change, Depletion of the ozone, Human Toxicity, Particulate Matter Training, Water Depletion, Depletion and Depletion Metals Fossil. The results showed that the superstructure system was the largest contributor in the categories of Climate Change, Particulate Matter Formation, Depletion and Depletion Water Fossil; the cover system showed greater contribution in the categories of Human toxicity and depletion of metals and sealing system showed greater contribution to the depletion of the ozone category. This work helped to demonstrate that despite the difficulties encountered is possible to use the LCA in the construction industry and extract the results processes that deserve further research and solution to minimize environmental impacts, and also to promote the application of this methodology in the state Mato Grosso, as the measurement of alternative potential impacts on a building.