Simultaneidade de fatores de risco cardiovascular e fatores associados em adultos em Cuiabá-MT

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most prevalent causes of death in the country and risk factors acting simultaneously may increase their risk. Objective- To analyze the simultaneous occurrence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and its association with sociodemographic variables in the adult population, in Cuiabá-MT in 2014, from a sample of VIGITEL. Methods- Cross-sectional study, with 1509 adults aged from 20 to 59 of both genders in Cuiabá-MT- Brazil, interviewed by the Risk Factors Surveillance System and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL) in 2014. The dependent variable of the study was the simultaneity of cardiovascular risk factors, which consists of a combination of two or more of the following elements: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight, smoking, alcohol abuse and physical inactivity, identified through a score which ranges from zero to three (no exposition or exposition to 1, 2 or 3 or more risk factors). Results- The most prevalent risk factors were: overweight (56%), hypertension (21.5%), alcohol abuse (21.5%) and dyslipidemia (13.5%), followed by physical inactivity (11.3%), smoking (10.4%) and diabetes (6.3%). Men showed significant higher prevalence than women for alcohol (29.6%) and smoking abuse (15.6%). Only dyslipidemia was more significant among women (16.3%). In the analysis of simultaneity, men showed 71% and 135% higher prevalence of two and three risk factors respectively, for CDV, in relation to women. It was found that the presence of one, two and three or more risk factors for CVD, increased with age, being higher in individuals with ages between 50 and 59, compared to individuals with ages between 20 and 29, in which the prevalence ratio of one, two and three risk factors was PR 2.72 (CI 1.36-5.46), PR 8.53 (CI 4.0- 18.0) PR 24.65 (10.4-68.3) respectively, adjusted by the other variables of the model. Individuals with up to eight years of study, offered 116% higher prevalence of two risk factors for CVD, than those with 12 or more years of schooling. Conclusion- Groups most exposed to cardiovascular diseases were men with increasing age and less schooling. Knowledge of these characteristics aims to support the planning and implementation of public policies aimed at reducing and preventing these factors.