Avaliação de órgãos linfóides primários de ratos Wistar tratados com frutose

Abstract

Because of the nutritional transition, increased intake of foods with high energy content and decreased of physical activity the prevalence of chronic diseases increased worldwide. Many of these foods contain a large amounts of fructose, that was used to replace saccharose as a sweetener after the 60s. It is well known that primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, are responsible for the formation and maturation of cells that act during immune responses. Therefore, this study focuses on the role of fructose on physiological, biochemical, nutritional parameters and on primary lymphoid organs of Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were used between 6 to 8 weeks of age and were treated with fructose (7%) dissolved in water for 12 weeks. After this period the animals were killed for analysis of anthropometric, biochemical, immunological and histopathological parameters. Food intake was higher in the control group compared to fructose group, however it was consumed in total more energy by the fructose group (water with fructose + food). The animals of both groups showed greater weight gain in the first weeks of treatment, but the fructose group showed more weight variations. The glycemic levels was increased in the fructose group at 1st month compared to control. When compared the fructose group with each other, the blood glucose was lower in 3 th month vs 1st month. There were no significantly difference on the lipid profile, leukogram and relative weight of the thymus between groups. In contrast there was an increase on cellularity of the thymus and the bone marrow, as confirmed by the histological sections analysis. The myelogram showed an increased production of eosinophils and lymphocytes and a decreased of rubroblastos, pro-rubrócitos and neutrophils in the fructose group. Regarding the architecture of the lymphoid organs, there were no changes in the bone marrow, however the thymus showed a medullary disorder and infiltration of histiocytes in thymic cortex in the fructose group. In conclusion, the treatment with 7% fructose was not sufficient to cause hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia in the animals, however it modulates the production of cells by the bone marrow and caused changes in thymic structures.