Propriedades químicas e físicas do solo em sistemas de produção no ecótono Cerrado- mazônia

Abstract

Due to production systems, it modifies the physical and physical resources of the soil and seeks alternatives to maintain the quality of the soil in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone region, the general objective of this study was to evaluate, under field conditions, a quality physics and soil chemistry in different production systems. What is what is what is what is is what is is what is is what is what is what is what you want to say? The second experiment was carried out for three years without Sinop-MT municipality without physical quality evaluation and carbon fractions in soil submitted to eight different cover crops in a randomized complete block design. In the two experiments, the samples were deformed and undisturbed in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers to determine the soil attributes. The attributes determined without Querencia experiment were: total organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, organic carbon associated with the mineral, total nitrogen, total sulfur, C / N ratio, labile inorganic phosphorus, labile organic phosphorus, labile total phosphorus, non-labile phosphorus, total soil phosphorus, organic carbon stock, organic carbon stock, organic carbon stock associated with the mineral, and nitrogen stock. Nutrients, biodiversity, soil density, water retention curve, mineral water, available water, gravitational water, S index, organic carbon, organic carbon, organic carbon associated with the mineral, relative density, degree of compaction and optimal water range. Both integrated production systems and different cover crops provide changes in soil properties in both evaluated layers. The use of Brachiaria ruziziensis with Stylosanthes spp. preceding the cultivation of millet provides better chemical quality to the soil. In integrated systems of production with more than 4.5 years of pastime with these with 2.5 consecutive years of livestock after agriculture, results in decrease of soil carbon. Among the operating systems, management with direct seeding in soybean / corn succession had lower stocks of carbon and nitrogen. The integrated production system that has been in agriculture for four years and three and a half years with pasture has accumulated higher volumes of carbon associated with the mineral. Integrated systems that maintain the first three years with intercropped agriculture, plus two years of pasture and returned with pasture-intensive agriculture provide for carbon sequestration through the increase of carbon stocks without soil. Soil cultivation, using cover crops, modified a soil structure in the surface and subsurface layer over the three years of evaluation. Among the cover species studied, Cajanus cajan and Urochloa ruziziensis, increased during the three years, a macroporosity and gravitational water in the surface layer of the soil. The optimum water interval of the studied soil was limited in the upper part by the water content in the field capacity and in the lower part of the mechanical resistance of the soil to the penetration.