O projeto intelectual de sacralização do político nos escritos schmittianos : o mito do líder e a unidade total do povo (1921-1936)

Abstract

This thesis aims to present the project of sacralization of the politics carried out by Carl Schmitt, through the historiographical analysis of the writings produced by this German jurist, in the period of 192 1-1936. Schmitt’s reference matrix was the counterrevolutionary current of the l8th-I9th centuries, in particular, the Spanish thinker and politician Donoso Cortés. Through an antiliberal and authoritarian discourse, Schmitt’s writings are opposed to human rights and the democratic rule of law, through the defense of a popularly based dictatorship. Schmitt defended that the politician is based on the eternal light between the triend and the enemy, which makes the physical extermination of the internal and external enemies legitimate. During the aforementioned period, Schmitt’s thought was based on the rejection of the Weimar Republic (1919-1933), on admiration for Italian fascism and on the commitment to the ideals and actions of the Nazi Dictatorship (1933-1945). His intellectual trajectory was marked by his participation in the NaziMovement, having joined the NSDAP in 1933, but he ended up leaving the party cadres in 1936. For Carl Schmitt, the people / nation could only be represented legitimately by a popularly acclaimed leader. For this reason, we will usc Max Weber’s conception of charismatic domination to understand how Schmitt sought to organize his project for the sacralization of the politics. It’s take as a theoretical -methodological reference the works of Emilio Gentile, Jean –François Sirinelli, Martin Kitchen, Robert O. Paxton. René Rémond and Raoul Girardet. By opposing Weimar parliamentarism. Schmitt sought to create a typical autocratic political project for the mass society of the early twentieth century.