Dinâmica da fragmentação florestal em uma área destinada a assentamento da reforma agrária na Amazônia meridional

Abstract

Territorial management policies influence the magnitude of the impacts caused in natural environments, especially in initially forest environments. Remote sensing is an efficient tool to diagnose and measure these environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the forest fragmentation over 20 years (1996-2016) in an area destined to settle agrarian reform in the southern Amazon, comparing it with real estate not intended for agrarian reform. For this, remote sensing techniques, such as classification of satellite images and geographic information system were used to delimit the polygons of forest remnants. For the classified image of June 13, 2016, an accuracy analysis was performed based on field data, which resulted in a total accuracy of 0.96, with a Kappa index of 0.70. The analysis of the implications of forest fragmentation was carried out using landscape metrics. The area occupied by forest in the settlement polygon went from 98.7% to 26.8% in the period, while in the area used for comparison, the values were from 73.7% to 50.3%. The average area of the fragments was 284 times larger and the border density increased by 2590 times in the settlement when compared to the right margin. The results showed that the loss of habitat and forest fragmentation was more intense in the environment destined to rural settlement project.