A luta pela terra Marãiwatsédé : povo Xavante, Agropecuária Suiá Missú, posseiros e grileiros do Posto da Mata em disputa (1960-2012)

Abstract

The Araguaia was part of the Amazon and conceived as economic expansion area on territories considered "empty" by the planning of governments, particularly in the military regime period. However, being the border Araguaia is the place of otherness and conflict between existing populations that had the field of employment land and migrants who come to take hold and get in the form of property or land deal. The meeting of different socio-historical agents as Indians, settlers, pedestrians, squatters, entrepreneurs, farmers, traders , activists and others and are protagonists of the struggle for land. In this region, the case analyzed involves a portion of the Xavante Indians and settlers of Suiá and their allies in Marãiwatsédé land. The origin of the conflict refers to the part of the buying process of the territory in which they lived groups of Xavante ethnicity, 695,000 ha by agricultural company Suiá Missú in the mid of 1960. The consolidation of the agricultural enterprise results in the deportation of Xavante in 1966. the year 1992 is the year of great events: was the return of the remaining area of 195,000 ha by the Italian company ENI Agip Petroli state to Xavante during Rio 92, and the same year, local politicians organized and encouraged a remaining area of the invasion of Suiá Missú, attracting both squatters interested in the land to live and grow, as squatters and land traders. Brazil Agip, the Brazilian subsidiary of the company disagreed with the return and created strategies to sell the remaining area of the then agricultural Suiá for a land regularization supposed to be held by purchase of securities or ownership rights. In 1992, an anthropological report delimited the area that would be returned to the Xavante, it has become an instrument of struggle to be produced from the version of the story of the natives, through the memory of the place as a weapon in the struggle for land Marãiwatsédé. In parallel, the squatters of Suiá adopted as resistance spot the Distrito Posto da Mata , organized themselves politically through an association called APROSUM and intensified the struggle through legal battles , experts battle and the media battle, which provided "weapons" and enabled the social and historical construction of a monster event which was the non-intrusion occurred in 2012. The main events that crisscross the process of struggle for Marãiwatsédé of land has as reference system the conception of land as private property intended for economic use and source of regional development. This reference appears in speeches at the meeting of the invasion in 1992 and the narratives of local media in the 2012 nonintrusion. The return of land to the Xavante in 1992 and the non-intrusion of squatters in 2012 is based on the concept of territory traditionally occupied placed in the Constitution of 1988. Therefore, the struggle for land Marãiwatsédé is a struggle between different land use concepts.