Infância, família, risco e proteção : o que dizem técnicos de uma unidade de atendimento a doenças hematológicas crônicas

Abstract

Childhood, as every process of human development, needs care. When this childhood is crossed by elements that can put development at risk, they must be evaluated. The presence of chronic hematological diseases in childhood can increase exposure to risks and vulnerabilities. The role played by the health professional in the relationship established with the child who has a chronic hematological disease and his family members can contribute in several ways to the reestablishment and maintenance of protection and health in child development. This dissertation aimed to research the representation and interpretation of childhood in general and that specifically experienced by children with chronic hematological diseases by the technicians who provide care in a public Unit for assistance to chronic hematological diseases. We sought to know the understanding of the technicians about the aspects of risk and protection in child development for these children and the self-evaluation of these technicians about their professional experience. The research was developed within a descriptive qualitative methodology, with the application of instruments produced specifically for the study. A semi-structured interview script was created and applied with questions that covered the professional trajectory of the technicians, their insertion in the Unit in which the research took place, the daily work with the children, their views on the children and families assisted, among others. A game of incomplete sentences was developed and applied, making it possible to hear more objective and quick information about the general view of the technicians about childhood and the role of the family in the lives of children, this same specific view for the lives of children with chronic hematological diseases, as well as beliefs and opinions on other themes related to the universe researched. All information gathering was mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT's) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was analyzed and approved by the Ethics in Research Committee - Humanities/UFMT before it began and follows all the recommendations present in the resolutions of the National Health Council (CNS) for research with human beings. The research had 7 (seven) participants, selected by means of the snowball methodology, all professionals from a public unit specialized in the treatment of chronic hematological diseases in Mato Grosso. The information collected was described, analyzed and discussed by reading the reports and identifying the nuclei of meaning present. The theoretical and methodological support for the entire research was the Bioecological Model of Human Development in the dimensions Person, Process, Context and Time, integrated and constituting the development processes. It is possible to highlight that the information analyzed pointed to a technical and professional training that relates the feminine universe to 'care' professions, that there is in the participants an appreciation of the work of attending to children and families, and that the perception of the childhood of the children attended is quite restricted and disadvantaged, when compared to childhood in general. It was emphasized by the participants that the economic impoverishment of the families assisted is a complicating factor for the assistance, its continuity and effectiveness, as well as the description of a necessary improvement in the network assistance. It was observed that the concepts of risk and protection are quite fluid and can be academically characterized, enabling in-depth discussions and more focused and effective intervention strategies. Regarding the professional self-evaluation of the participating technicians, the information converged to results that revealed dedication and confidence in their own work. The expansion of what is understood about the aspects of risk and protection by the technicians can generate reflections that will contribute to the development of the children assisted, corroborating the quality of the work that has been done with the children diagnosed with chronic hematological diseases in the Unit. Still, further research with this population may subsidize these or new discussions about the issues addressed.