A intuição como método filosófico e a conciliação entre filosofia e ciência em Bergson

Abstract

Bergson is the precursor in the renewal of philosophy. In this work, we aim to show his main conceptions and his main ideas around the intuitive method and his proposal of conciliation between philosophy and science. This dissertation will deal with his research on matter and memory, for an analysis of duration as movement and change, which permits liberty. The scientific determinism also will be comprehended as the results of a science that creates immobilisation to act upon matter, i. e., calculate and predict. In movement and change allowing liberty, we can identify evolution and creation, by means of an intuition of duration. In this evolutive process we will find out three fluxes, in which the living beings tend to develop: instinct, intelligence and intuition. After explaining Bergson´s ideas on duration, movement and liberty, as well as his conception of evolution, it will be possible to talk of the intuitive method, which our author identifies as the philosophical method, different from the scientific method. Both of them deal with different objects: while spirit is addressed to philosophy, dead matter is addressed to science. We will see the rules of method and metaphysics as a part of experience which can provide us with a knowledge of the whole, and, widening the understanding of the relationship between intelligence and intuition, we will be able to glimpse a positive metaphysics and a science addressed to reality. Lastly, we will mention a possible conciliation between philosophy and science, as well as between spirit and matter and physics and metaphysics, which is the purpose of all the Bergsonian theory about time and space.