Fatores de risco para sintomas osteomusculares em trabalhadores da construção civil nos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande - Mato Grosso, 2014

Abstract

The construction industry is a major sector of activity for the global economic scenario and Brazil, the construction workers are constantly exposed to numerous risk factors such as accidents, physical, mechanical and ergonomic. For the development of occupational diseases incorrect postures, handling excessive loads, repetitive movements and absence of ergonomics can trigger some diseases, among them are the musculoskeletal symptoms, also known as repetitive strain injuries (RSI) and or related Musculoskeletal Disorders Work ( MSDs). Objective: To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and analyze the association with risk factors in construction workers in the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande 2014 - Mato Grosso. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study by means of an epidemiological survey applied to workers in this sector. The instrument of research was a semi-structured questionnaire administered through interviews; we used the Epi Info and Stata programs. In the bivariate analysis was used to absolute frequency, prevalence, prevalence ratio calculation (RP) to obtain the association effect measure with 95% of the dependent variable: musculoskeletal symptoms, and the independent variables: sociodemographic characteristics, professional data, occupation , exposure to risk factors: physical, mechanical, ergonomic, using the chisquare Mantel Haenszel. The multivariate analysis was performed by Poisson regression, which included all variables associated with p value <0.20 from the raw analysis. the significance level 0.05 as statistically significant association for remaining in the final model was adopted. Results: Of the 545 workers interviewed found a prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of 51.56%. Musculoskeletal symptoms were associated with having completed elementary school and more (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.42), owner occupancy, electrician and plumber (PR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.54) exposure to concrete vibrators (PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.41), with motion repeatability (RP 1.31; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.63), in intense pace (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.56), kneeling work (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.45), working in the same position (RP 1.20 95% CI 1.02 to 1.42), work on slippery site (PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.54), carry heavy material (PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10 - 1.51) and refer stressful situation (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.63). Conclusion: It was verified the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among construction workers, associated with risk factors that these professionals are exposed. There was the need to implement measures for the promotion and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors, as well as the inclusion of an ergonomic culture and analysis Ergonomic Office (AET) thus providing a better quality of life for workers.