A estrutura de treinamento rumo ao desenvolvimento do talento no atletismo : o curso da ação pela ótica dos treinadores

Abstract

The evidences of international researches show that environmental factors of talent development meaningfully influence in elite athletes’ performance. Thinking of the Brazilian context and considering the coach, the matter of this study is to know deeply the structures that arrange coaches in the process of developing their athletes that obtain expressive results in national and international levels. The participants were five experts (experienced coaches in sports) who validated the semi-structured interview conducted with five track and field (athletics) coaches who act in track and field clubs in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We have used two techniques of content validity to validate the interviews. The CVC used to measure reliability and the content, and the consensual validation, which allowed an adapted writing for a better comprehension by the future interviewees. Subsequently, we collected data individually, through online interviews. We analyzed the data using the technique of content analysis and with the aid of the software NVIVO 2.0. From the results we obtained, we validated the interview script using the CVC, with values greater than 0.90 and, by consensual validation, which brought the interview script closer to the coaches' reality. The interviews generated three categories and two subcategories, composed by 18 topics, and obtained 389 mini-units of information, which revealed that the coaches built their training trajectory acting in precarious conditions, only in athletics in an uninterrupted way, the evolution of the athletes made them look for a continued training and, even with good results, the minority of athletes received a scholarship. For coaches, talent is a multifactorial process. The structure influences positively and its lack harms this process, but it does not block talent development, once they have developed strategies such as local and national partnerships to foster their projects. In addition, they have medium- and long-term plans and a strong commitment to maintaining and strengthening the discipline, as they love what they do. We concluded that, overall, the coaches who can count on better conditions have more athletes receiving scholarships. Therefore, the environmental structures influence talent development, once scholarships are granted according to results achieved in competitions. Contrariwise, a continuing education and the strategies used represent efficient ways to reach meaningful results, mainly concerning coaches who do not count on good environmental structures.