Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças expostas à infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika

Abstract

Neuropsychomotor development (DNPM) is a multidimensional process and has the effect of making the child able to respond to their needs and to the environment. Any factor that disturbs the development can cause, to a greater or lesser degree, disorders of this process. The confirmation of the association of cases of microcephaly in Brazil with Zika virus infection (ZIKV) leads to the need for studies on the repercussion in DNPM due to central nervous system (CNS) impairment. Objective - to analyze the neuropsychomotor development of children exposed to congenital Zika virus infection in the city of Cuiabá. Methods - Cross-sectional observational study with children who were exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy. The children were evaluated between May and September 2018, using the Denver II test for screening for neuropsychomotor development. The information related to the mother, socioeconomic conditions of the family, prenatal, neonatal and postnatal diagnoses were obtained through interviews with the mothers and / or children's parents. Data were analyzed using the STATA version 12 statistical package. Descriptive analyzes were performed to verify the association between the independent variables and performance in the Denver II test (dependent variable). Fisher's exact test was used (p <0, 05). Results - The group consisted of 30 children, mostly aged between 12 and 24 months (60%) and males (63%). Of this total, 46.67% presented alterations in DNPM, with the greatest delays in the language areas (46.67%) and in the fine motor aspect (43.33%). The predominance of the infection occurred in the first and the second trimester of gestation. 70% of the children had z scores of the current weight between> -2 and <2, classified as adequate; 40% presented microcephaly at birth and 46.67% after the first month of life. Conclusions: Children exposed to ZIKV congenital infection presented delays in neuropsychomotor development, and the earlier an infection occurs during pregnancy, the greater will be the CNS concomitant to the DNPM. The illnesses become more evident as the child approaches the 24 months of age, when they did not have early professional accompaniment to stimulate the development, and in the poorest and poorly educated population extracts. It is important to emphasize the importance of public policies that allow children, as early as possible, the intervention of specialized multiprofessional team.