Aplicação do Ideal Cardiovascular Health em adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for the largest number of deaths in the world, currently being one of the biggest public health problems. The manifestation of an enabling environment for the development of CVD is occurring more and more early, being observed since childhood and adolescence. Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH) is an instrument used to assess most risk factors for the development of CVD. Higher metrics in ICH in adolescence are closely related to the best path to cardiovascular health throughout life. This work consists of two manuscripts. The first aimed to systematically review the literature on the application of Ideal Cardiovascular Health and its relationship with cardiovascular risk in adolescents. 17 articles were included, among which 96.1% used the 7 metrics proposed by the ICH. However, some divergences were found regarding the criteria for the classification and evaluation of these metrics. The included studies demonstrate that, in general, adolescents with better ICH metrics had a lower risk of developing CVD. The second manuscript aimed to estimate the ICH in Brazilian adolescents and to evaluate the factors associated with the total score and its metrics. A nationally representative sample was recorded, with 36,956 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), carried out in 2013-2014. The mean ICH was 4.0 (95% Confidence Interval = 3.98; 4.07). The proportion of adolescents with ideal ICH metrics was: 96% for fasting glucose, 95.6% for smoking, 75.5% for blood pressure, 73.2% for body mass index, 55.4% for total cholesterol, 45.2% for physical activity and only 0.5% for the Health Diet Score (HDS). Girls, teenagers aged 15 to 17 and students from private schools get the best scores for ICH. Most adolescents have a high percentage of adequacy, however, as low ideal proportions for HDS and physical activity are worrisome.