Produção e qualidade de cultivares de tomate italiano sob ambiente protegido com policarbonato e filme agrícola em clima tropical úmido

Abstract

The tomato is a fruit vegetable widely grown in the world. The state of Mato Grosso has great potential for the exploitation of tomato, however due to environmental factors combined with low technology in its production, it is still incipient. An alternative to leverage this development would be the use of protected cultivation. In a protected cultivation system, one of the main factors that limits productivity is the high temperatures reached within the environment, and the temperature is a limiting factor for tomatoes grown in this system, as the temperature exceeds 30 ° C. The adoption of technologies that seek to reduce the thermal load in protected cultivation systems in regions of humid tropical climate is of great importance. The present study aims to determine the protected cultivation system that provides better cultivation conditions, being covered with polycarbonate, agricultural and unprotected film and its reflections on the productivity and quality of Italian tomato cultivars under high temperatures. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a split plot scheme, using three environments in the plot and four cultivars in the subplot. The environments were, environment protected with polycarbonate (P), environment protected with agricultural film (FA) and open field (CA), the cultivars were Anny, Fascínio, Shanty and Vedette. The experiment had repetitions of the subplots in each environment. The evaluated parameters were productive, physiological and qualitative variables. The highest yields were achieved in the P (Polycarbonate Coverage) environment, by the cultivars Fascinio and Vedette (66.64 and 55.84 t ha-1 ), with a similar response in number of commercial fruits. The P environment provided higher values of commercial production - PC (kg plant-1 ) with 2.38, followed by the FA and CA environments with averages of 1.85 and 0.71 respectively. Among the cultivars evaluated, there was no significant difference for the environments. There was no differentiation for the physiological variables. It was concluded that the cultivars Fascínio and Vedette presented better productive performances in the P and FA environments, corroborating to a better qualitative and productive standard.