Hifomicetos associados a substratos vegetais submersos no Sul da Amazônia, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Abstract

Conidial fungi form an artificial group that constitutes the asexual phase of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes, consisting mainly in conidiophore, conidiogenic cell and conidium. Among conidial fungi, hyphomycetes are the main decomposers of submerged plant leavings, such as: bark, leaves, fruits and branches, participating in the balance of the ecosystem through the cycling of nutrients, carbon accumulation and maintenance of the trophic chain. Hyphomycetes from the aquatic environment can be classified into three ecological groups: aero-aquatic, optional aquatic or ingoldian. Given the ecological importance of hyphomycetes, it is necessary to know their biodiversity through taxonomic inventories. Field expeditions were carried out between February/2019 and December/ 2019 to the Rio Ronuro Ecological Station, Nova Ubiratã-MT, a transition area between Cerrado and Amazon, and to Cristalino State Park, Novo Mundo-MT, an area of the Amazon rainforest. Samples of submerged leaves and branches were collected in streams at 23 points, stored in plastic bags and sent to the microscopy laboratory of the Biological Collection of the Southern Amazon (ABAM-UFMT). The samples were washed and accommodated in humid chambers. After 72 hours the samples were visualized under a stereomicroscope and the reproductive structures were collected with the aid of a fine needle for a period of 30 days. The specimens were fixed on permanent slides containing PVL resin (polyvinyl alcohol + lactic acid + phenol) and visualized under an optical microscope for identification. With this study, 119 taxa were found, distributed in two phyla, Basidiomycota, with one species and Ascomycota, with 29 families, 19 orders, 59 genera and 94 species. Among these species, seven are considered rare and the others represent new records for the Amazon, Brazil, Americas and the Neotropic. The results obtained demonstrate a high diversity of species with low dominance for southern Amazonia. This study cooperates to understand the diversity of hyphomycetes in streams in the Amazon, which can contribute to the understanding of the Fungi Kingdom, in addition to serving as a basis for applied studies and the creation of environmental public policies for the conservation of the Amazon, a biome that has been suffering from the deforestation of the forest, in addition to the silting of the beds due to the lack of riparian forest and contamination of water bodies by agrochemicals from agriculture.