Resíduos sólidos e seus impactos ambientais : diagnóstico do envolvimento da população mato-grossense da sub-bacia do Xingu na política de saneamento e gestão de resíduos

Abstract

Urban solid waste is generated by everyday human activities, and its proper destination is one of the great challenges faced by contemporary society. The National Solid Waste Policy (Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos - PNRS) establishes that the most appropriate destination for municipal solid waste is the landfill site, however, dumps are still used by a considerable portion of Brazilian municipalities in all regions, including the Amazon, contributing to environmental contamination. In the final decades of the 20th century the Legal Amazon underwent an accelerated occupation process characterized by increasing rates of urbanization and, despite this, the region presented low rates of evolution in basic sanitation, especially in the treatment of solid urban waste. Considering the ecological, social, economic and scientific importance of the Amazon region, in this study, represented by the municipalities of Mato Grosso of the Xingu river sub-basin; and the need to seek better treatment rates for solid waste, this study evaluated the actions developed in these municipalities in relation to the treatment of urban solid waste based on their Municipal Solid Waste Plans. In addition, the environmental perception of residents of one of these municipalities about solid waste and its management was evaluated. To this end, the research was structured in two manuscripts: (i) "Treatment of solid waste: An analysis of the basic sanitation plans of the Municipalities of Mato Grosso of the Xingu river sub-basin"; and (ii) "Solid waste and its environmental impacts: Environmental perception of the residents of a municipality in the southern Amazon", seeking to understand the actions developed, gaps and difficulties faced by municipalities in the treatment of waste, as well as the understanding of part of the local population about the need to properly treat waste and propose improvements, if necessary.