O uso de agrotóxicos e a relação com os indicadores de saúde materna e infanto-juvenil em Mato Grosso

Abstract

In Brazil, the use of agrochemicals had its use on a large scale since 1960 due to tax incentives, the increase in the commodities export market driven by the so-called Green Revolution. Mato Grosso is the state that most uses pesticides on its crops. This data is very alarming for those who live in regions of high agricultural production and especially for those who work directly with this type of product, since it represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the population. Human exposure to agrochemicals contributes to cellular disorder, endocrine disruptions and immunosuppression, which originate in tumors and teratogenesis and are considered major public health problems. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between indicators of morbidity and mortality due to childhood cancer, spontaneous abortion and the use of pesticides in the municipalities of Mato Grosso from 2008 to 2018. It is an ecological study with observational design and quantitative approach, based on secondary data from SIH and SIM and municipal agricultural production data from IBGE/SIDRA. The study population was composed of children, adolescents and women of fertile age. Standardized rates were calculated for morbidity and mortality due to childhood cancer and Bayesian rate for abortion admissions. The use of agrochemicals was estimated by municipalities and by agricultural crop of the 21 crops and by macro-regions of agricultural economy. The statistical inference was made with spearman correlation analysis through the STATA 12 statistical program. Thematic maps with health and environment indicators were constructed with the help of the software Arcgis version 10.5 of ESRI and the geographic analysis for the Bayesian rate by the program GeoDA version 1.12. A positive association was found between the average use of pesticides for both morbidity (r=0,183; p=0.032) and mortality (r=0,226; p=0.008), with a confidence interval of 5%. Greater increases in morbidity rates were observed in the West (Sapezal) and Middle-North (Sorriso) macroregions for mortality rates in the West and North (Alta Floresta) macroregions. The maps presented the migration of a new agricultural frontier and the highest concentrations of pesticide use in the Middle-North, West and Southeast macro- regions (Rondonópolis). Higher rates of abortion were present in the mid-north, northeast (Querência) and southeast regions and pesticide use in the west and mid-north regions, as well as an average annual increase of 3% in pesticide use between the years 2016 and 2018.It is concluded that the highest rates of health indicators are found in the regions of high agricultural production, indicating that the productive model of agribusiness with increased pesticide use contributes to an increase in the health of the populations.