Prevalência do consumo e consumo abusivo de álcool e seus fatores associados nas capitais brasileiras em 2017 segundo o Vigitel

Abstract

Alcohol is one of the most consumed psychoactive drugs and, also, the most socially accepted. In Brazil, in 2015, 18.1% of the population over 18 years practiced abusive consumption. In the triennium 2007-2009, the mortality rate in which alcohol was a necessary cause in Brazil approached 12.2 / 100,000 habitants. Objective - Estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse in Brazil in the year 2017 and investigate the associated factors. Methods - We used the database of surveillance of risk factors and protection for chronic diseases by telephone survey (VIGITEL). This telephone survey is conducted in 26 capitals of Brazil and the Federal District and annually evaluates approximately 54 thousand people using a probabilistic sample. For the analysis of the data, the software Stata 13.0 is used, which performs the hypothesis tests considering the effects of the complex sampling. The confidence interval (CI) of 95% and α of 5% were assumed. Results - The prevalence of alcohol consumption in Brazilian capitals is 41.23%, with a confidence interval (CI) between 40.28% and 42.19%. In the year 2017, alcohol abuse in Brazilian capitals is 19.14% (CI 18.33% - 19.97%), men's consumption is 27.39% (CI 25.95% - 28 , 84%) and women 12.21% (CI 11.36% - 13.12%). The categories of associated sociodemographic factors, which had the highest prevalence, are being single, being in the 20 to 39 age group, having twelve or more years of study, being obese and living in the Midwest region. Regarding the categories of lifestyle variables, it stands out being a smoker and practicing physical activities. Conclusion - This research was in line with others when it identified a higher prevalence of alcohol consumption among men, young people, with more than twelve years of study, single. Like abusive consumption, this also occurs among the same sociodemographic characteristics. We highlight here the differences in lifestyles and their associations with alcohol abuse between the sexes. There is a higher prevalence among men with a higher BMI, women with less consumption of fruits, vegetables and beans, in addition to a higher prevalence among people who are more physically active.