Fatores associados à asma não controlada em escolares de município de médio porte em Mato Grosso

Abstract

Asthma control is the main goal of treatment the disease. Studies show that approximately half of asthmatics do not have adequate asthma control. In addition to genetic and hereditary factors, environmental exposure directly affects the dynamics of the disease. Among air pollutants, pesticides have been studied as one of the triggers of asthma symptoms, which can hinder their control. Objective - To access factors associated with uncontrolled asthma in

schoolchildren exposed to pesticides in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso. Methods - Case- control study conducted with students aged 6 to 7 and 13 to 14 years old in the municipality of

Primavera do Leste - MT. Cases were considered as schoolchildren who met criteria for uncontrolled asthma, controls were selected from the same schools as the cases, after randomization, in a 1: 1 ratio. The ISAAC Phase I and II questionnaires and an additional questionnaire for pesticide exposure were used for data collection. Descriptive, bivariate analysis and logistic regression of the sociodemographic and economic, individual and environmental variables were performed. Results - 319 cases and 319 controls were selected, totaling 638 study participants. In the final model of logistic regression, the variables family income greater than 4 minimum wages (OR = 14,36; CI 95% = 8,89 – 23,20), having a mother with schooling until incomplete high school (OR = 16,32; CI 95%= 8,96 – 29,75), prematurity (OR = 13,25; CI 95%= 4,83 – 36,41) and low birth weight (OR = 17,08; CI 95%= 5,52 – 52,90) remained associated with the group of cases. Among the variables related to exposure to pesticides, presence of people in the household working in agriculture (OR= 5,91; CI 95%= 2,11 – 16,53), living close to agricultural activity (OR =3,98; CI 95%= 1,47 – 11,76) and aerial spraying close to home (OR = 4,20; CI 95%= 1,49 – 11,87) were related to uncontrolled asthma. Conclusions - Environmental factors, such as indoor and outdoor air pollution, contribute to the onset of asthma. In this study, pesticides were shown to be related to uncontrolled asthma in schoolchildren.