Influência da morfologia no microclima de frações urbanas em Cuiabá - MT

Abstract

The climate of cities differs from rural environments due to human activities, removal of natural soil cover, as well as vegetation, and generation of construction complexes. In more urbanized regions, much warmer areas are formed than the peripheral regions of the city, called the Urban Heat Island (ICU), whose phenomenon presents characteristic conditions. The city of Cuiabá, capital of the state of Mato Grosso, has undergone major changes in its urban context in recent decades, promoting the rapid expansion of its territory and urban densification. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the microclimate of urban fractions in the city according to the local morphology. To this end, meteorological, urban geometry and land use data were collected from two official stations, from the National Meteorological Institute (Inmet) and from the Marechal Rondon International Airport, and from two dedicated urban stations, in the block of the Post-Graduation in Environmental Physics Program (PPGFA) and at a dwelling in the neighborhood of Jardim Califórnia, in 2016. Subsequently, the profile of the wind was analyzed through the generation of wind roses, and the ICU of each location was assessed. The most urbanized fractions with lower vegetation, located in the PPGFA block and in the neighborhood Jd. California, presented higher temperatures and ICU magnitude throughout the year in comparison to the control station (Airport) due to vertical and horizontal densities and anthropogenic heat, as well as lower wind speed. The opposite was observed in the less urbanized area, Inmet, with milder temperatures and cool islands during the day and throughout the year. The Aeroporto (control) fraction, although without buildings, exhibited high temperatures, due to the anthropogenic heat released in the surrounding region. Thus, the results showed that there is an influence of land use and urban geometry in the local microclimate, and configure instruments that can be used in the city planning decision process aiming to improve the urban environment.