Sistema de geração de energia de baixo custo em uma comunidade rural : biodigestor anaeróbio como uma proposta de tecnologia social

Abstract

Rural communities in Brazil are the ones that suffer most from the environmental impact of inadequate disposal of organic waste and the lack of treatment of liquid effluents, as in most places, they are left in the open or are dumped directly into water courses. In this context, the objective of this work was to dimension, build and operate a sustainable anaerobic digester in a rural community in the municipality of Acorizal-MT. Based on that, we adapted the development of a Social Technology proposal that aims to use energy from organic waste and its effluents in the form of biogas and biofertilizer that simultaneously involves basic sanitation, energy production, protection of water resources, health and the environment. The main proposal for innovation was applied via the constructive method based on the use of raffia bag filled with soil from the region, it was also sought to apply the premise in the development of the project with sustainable materials from the region. The methodology was developed in three stages: i) Development of the pilot project of the bench biodigester; ii) Dimensioning of the biodigester at full scale and biogas testing in a residential in the community; iii) Evaluation of the economic viability of the implantation of the biodigester and the validation as Social Technology in the community. The construction of the biodigester on a real scale occurred due to an excellent level of acceptance by the community due to the low cost of implantation, with a value 87.65% lower than the conventional biodigester. Finally, the estimate of biogas production using bovine manure to supply the biodigester is expected to be 1.80 .m3 / day of biogas, which will help to reduce the cost of R $ 164.80 with LPG per month, which consists of a annual savings of R $ 1,977.60 for the community. According to the results obtained, the constructive technique consists of a flexible technology, since it can be applied on uneven terrain and can also be used for other purposes, such as in the construction of the water tank for animals. It is a sustainable technology, since it uses the use of the excavation soil as raw material. And due to its low cost, it facilitates replication in other communities.