Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de produtos de origens natural e sintética

Abstract

The Leishmaniasis are neglected diseases whose treatment provided is associated with a range of toxic effects, high cost and decreased therapeutic efficacy due to the increased resistance by parasites. Thus, the research of new drugs more efficiently and safely becomes of great importance. In this study, we described the effect of Enalaprilate on the production of this cytokine in vitro. Cytotoxicity was assessed, production of nitric oxide (NO), production of cytokines IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α e IFN-γ. The results together suggest that the enalaprilate is a promising candidate drug against Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum due your potent immunomodulary activity. The bioprospecting of new molecules is of great importance because the limitation as to the effectiveness or toxicity of major therapeutic agents available for the treatment of diseases. In recent years, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led micro-organisms to develop resistance, making necessary new technologies. In this way, the native medicinal plants have been one of the main means for the search for bioactive compounds. In this research, we evaluate the antibacterial potential of extracts of Aspidosperma nitidum, Annona crassiflora and Annona mucosa, front of strains of Staphylococus aureus ATCC® 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC® 27853. Each plant extract was diluted with concentrations of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32. Of each bacterial strain were selected three to four colonies, which were transferred to the test tube containing NaCl solution, being subjected to serial dilution to get a load of the micro-organism of 10-8 UFC/mL, and incubated at 35° C for 5 hours. Each of the three microorganisms was subjected to three extracts five treatments for extract with five repetitions of each concentration of extracts. With the aid of a caliper the measurement of inhibition of bacterial growth. Inhibition of microbial activity considering the solutions presented diameters exceeding 8 mm. The extracts of the three plants presented satisfactory results in control of all three organisms. The extract of Annona mucosa shown in all organisms analyzed inhibitory medium values above the other extracts. All extracts used in this study have shown great potential antimicrobial agents. Thus, this work included the study of antimicrobial capacity of hydroalcoolic extract of Amazon rainforest plants and also the study of the anti-Leishmania effect of enalaprilato which is a synthetic drug, now available in the health system as anti-hypertensive.