Um olhar investigativo para a metodologia de projetos na abordagem da prevenção ao consumo de álcool por adolescentes

Abstract

The present dissertation belongs to the Education in Science and Mathematics field, research area of Fundamentals and Methodologies, and it had as objective to analyse the perspectives of Methodology of Projects as an approach in the prevention of alcoholic beverages consumption by adolescents. It had been assumed that the methodology of projects presents itself as an educative practice which trancends the routine and decontextualized learning practices, and allows the student the construction of relevant knowledge through participation in planned and shared activities within the group, important requirements in preventive actions. Besides that, it causes reflections concerning teaching posture. Epidemiological studies have revealed that alcohol is the psychoactive substance most consumed by adolescents, the experimentation happens very early and they also have a very reduced risk perception of problems as a result of the use of this drug. Those data, among others, signal to the urgent need of a preventive action with adolescents through a pedagogical strategy which propitiate the production of critical, reflexive and transformative knowledge. Thus, the school represents one of the main spaces to work the strengthening of positive choices for health and its promotion, once it‘s in the school that adolescents spend much of their time and lives. The research was carried out according to a qualitative approach, evidencing elements of action research, involving two teachers and 26 students from the 8th grade of elementary grade of a public school, in the city of Rondonópolis(MT). The students organized themselves into four groups and the methodology of projects was developed according to the sequence proposed by Behrens. Questionnaires, interviews, workshops and focus groups were the techniques used for the data collection. The data analysis was oriented by the content analysis technique and the theoretical dialogue had as main authors Hernández, Behrens, Moura and Barbosa, among others, authors which discuss and research the theme. The prevention approach was facilitated by the development of projects, creating dynamic and participative learning situations in which was possible to detect the early experimentation of alcoholic beverages and the presence of alcohol consume in the familiar context. It was also evidenced the perception of risk mainly associated to information portrayed by the media as accidents, violence and death. It was possible to observe that students put themselves as protagonists of their own learning process, seeking out for different and attractive manners related to their daily routine to discuss about prevention. The results point that the methodology of projects favors the reflection exercise, thinking reform and search for solutions to situations which affect the daily routine of youngs, as well as may arouse feelings of pertaining, responsibility and colaboration.