Arbovírus e vírus inseto-específicos em culicídeos adultos do Centro Sul de Mato Grosso, Brasil

Abstract

The state of Mato Grosso has a great diversity of hematophagous culicines. The circulation of arboviruses and insect-specific viruses has been demonstrated in urban and sylvatic areas from the State. The present study proposed to investigate arbovirus infection with genera Flavivirus, alphavirus and orthobunyavirus in adult culicines captured in 21 points from the metropolitan area of Cuiabá for six months and to identify virus diversity in anopheles mosquitoes salivary glands caught in sylvatic areas of Pantanal, Chapada do Guimarães and Cuiabá. At Chapter 1, 2,134 (42.6%) females and 2.873 (57.4%) male mosquitoes, Culex (Cx.) quinquefasciatus (3.951; 78.9%), Aedes (Ae.) (Stg.) aegypti (606; 12.1%), Ae. (Stg.) albopictus (343; 6.8%), Psorophora (Ps.) ferox (16, 0.3%), Ps. albigenu (25; 0.5%) and other species (66; 1.3%) composed 398 pools, processed and tested by multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR for 10 flaviviruses, five alfaviruses and simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses, viral isolation in C6/36 cells and nucleotide sequencing. Female pools of Cx. quinquefasciatus were positive for Chikungunya virus (CHIKV; 16; 6.8%), Zika (ZIKV; 10; 4.3%), Mayaro (MAYV; 6; 2.6) Ae. (Stg.) aegypti for CHIKV (3; 1.3%) ZIKV (5; 2.1%) MAYV (1, 0.4%), east equine encephalitis (EEEV; 1; 0.4%), Aedes albopictus for CHIKV (3; 1.3%), ZIKV (2; 0.8%), EEEV (1; 0.4%), Ps. albigenu for CHIKV (1, 0,4%) and Ps. ferox (2; 0,8%). Male pools of Cx. quinquefascitus were positive for CHIKV (8; 8,4%), ZIKV (4, 2,4%), MAYV (6; 3,6%), Ae. (Stg.) aegypti for CHIKV (3;1,8 %), ZIKV (4; 2,4%) MAYV (3; 1,8%) and EEEV (2; 1,2%). ZIKV was isolated at passage two (5 pools; 20%) and three (4 pools, 16%), CHIKV (2 pools, 5,55%), MAYV (5 pools, 31,25%) and EEEV (3 pools, 75%) at passage two. These findings demonstrate that arbovirus circulation varies among different regions of Cuiabá metropolitan area and that infected mosquitoes may contribute for arbovirus transmission cycle maintenance, including during interepidemic periods in the region. At chapter 2 we report the viruses we found by high throughput sequencing from nucleic acid extracted from salivary glands of 353 specimens belonging to 16 anopheles species, five pools containing 197 anophelines collected at Upper Pantanal, 5 pools that grouped 126 anophelines from Chapada dos Guimarães National Park and one pool of 30 anophelines collected at Coxipó river margin in Cuiabá. We identified six viruses, five with low similarity with the closest species belonging to families Rhabdoviridae (Coxipo dielmovirus), Reoviridae

(Purunga orbivirus), Flaviridae (Jaracatiá flavivirus), Orthomyxoviridae (Coloiado- orthomyxo like) and order Picornavirales (Mujica picorna-like virus) representing

putative novel viruses. In addition, two genomic segments (L, S) from a virus recently described in the Amazon region from family Phasmaviridae (Anopheles triannulatus orthophasmavirus) were also found. This study contributes to understand which arboviruses infect antropophilic mosquitoes in the metropolitan area of Cuiabá in 2018, as well as those viruses infecting anophelines from sylvatic regions of South Central Mato Grosso.