Avaliação de medula óssea em cães pancitopênicos de uma população hospitalar da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Abstract

The pancytopenia can be associated with intra and extra medullary disorders. When the etiology is not obvious, the examination of bone marrow is necessary. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of pancitopenia, report and discuss bone marrow alterations and pancitopenia differential diagnosis in dogs. The occurrence of pancitopenia in blood counts performed over a period of 13 consecutive months at a veterinary hospital was evaluated, and with approval of the owners of dogs, bone marrow aspirate was obtained. Smears was prepared and stained by Giemsa, where 500 cells differential count was performed and were assessed myeloid:erythroid ratio, cellularity, megakaryocytes and cytological examination. PCR for Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi and Ehrlichia canis was conducted from the bone marrow aspirate. Blood counts of 3120 canines, with several clinical changes were analyzed to identify pancitopenia, which accounted for 167 (5,4%) dogs. Of these, authorization was obtained from owners of 65 dogs for bone marrow collection. Interpretation of quantitative characteristics was carried out from the bone marrow smear and the etiology was established in 46 (70.8%) of these, which included infection by E. canis and L. chagasi, idiopathic aplastic anemia, chronic renal failure and co-infections. In 17 (26.2%) animals were not observed medullary changes. The most observed finding was myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia in 16 (24.6%) dogs. The prevalence of pancitopenia observed was high when compared with data reported in the literature, which may be due to the number of cases due to infectious diseases (58,5%) in evaluated canine: expressive number due to its endemic feature.