Salvaguardas socioambientais e governança global : o papel dos atores nacionais e internacionais na proteção do meio ambiente

Abstract

This work is based on the current national and international situation in the context of policies observed and implemented by governments and organizations in order to ensure and promote the fundamental right to the environment, through socio-environmental protection on several fronts. Notwithstanding the existence of environmental laws, internal and international protection bodies and systems, as well as efforts, in recent decades, to increase social and environmental protection, there is still a lack of effectiveness of environmental standards and non-compliance with commitments made regarding this theme, being necessary, therefore, the implementation of mechanisms that effectively ensure the achievement of social and environmental objectives assumed and the mobilization of actors in favor of the maintenance of ecological systems. In this sense, socio-environmental safeguards represent minimum parameters of social and environmental protection that serve as guidance for the development of policies, actions and activities in the most diverse sectors, especially the economic and financial, and include social participation, access to information, transparency, governance and sustainable development. Given the need to implement these specific protection mechanisms, the problem of this work was proposed as follows: how can socio-environmental safeguards be the object of national and international implementation for the effective protection of the environment? Thus, the main objective of the work was to identify the main existing socioenvironmental safeguards and analyze how they can be applied to protect the environment, while the specific objectives were intended to analyze the confrontation of socio-environmental issues based on guidelines accepted by the countries and international organizations and identify the existing apparatus to demand compliance with these obligations for the protection of the environment. In this way, it was realized that socio-environmental safeguards, mainly because they are located essentially in the preventive field and in the mitigation of risks and damages, allow the combination of voluntary and control instruments, to which the actors must be linked in order to overcome structural problems of the social and environmental protection systems considered in isolation. It was concluded, therefore, that global governance, as a decision-making model, proves to be a viable instrument with the potential to align objectives in the national and international scenarios in order to give effectiveness to socio-environmental safeguards in order to ensure greater protection for the environment through the combination of efforts and roles of the actors involved at different levels. For the development of the work, the hypothetical-deductive method was adopted and bibliographic and documental research were used.