Evolução da produção de soja transgênica e uso do glifosato nos estados sojicultores brasileiros

Abstract

Genetically modified (GM) soy, tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate (GM/RR), is economically cultivated worldwide, with its biotechnological package linked to the consumption of glyphosate, which since the beginning of its propagation has been the target of questions regarding the effects of its use. There are observations in the literature that the volume of pesticides used is growing significantly in all countries, with emphasis on glyphosate herbicides, especially after the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops in 1996, and in Brazil, officially in 2003 Knowing the actual data on the use of glyphosate in the cultivation of GM/RR soy can contribute to estimates about the continuity of its adoption in this crop. The objective was to describe the behavior of GM/RR soybean productivity correlated to the growth of glyphosate consumption. To this end, a literature review on GMHT crops was carried out and data obtained from the annual bulletins on production, import, export and sales of pesticides, components and the like in Brazil, prepared by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and the Renewable Resources (Ibama), the government body responsible for disseminating this information and data from Municipal Agricultural Production (PAM), from the Automatic Recovery platform of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE-SIDRA), in addition to data accessible from the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA), which provided a consistent basis for estimating the transformation between the traded amount of glyphosate in GM-HT soybean crops and the acreage yield of GM-HT soybeans over the last 10 years , in Brazil . The results showed that the planted area of biotech soy has expanded intensely since its adoption in contemporary agriculture, standing out among the other biotech crops grown in Brazil and glyphosate has consolidated its commercialization with an increase of 45% in the last 8 years, if of 1.5 billion tons, corresponding to 50% of all pesticides sold in the country. However, no significant positive correlation was found between the productivity of RR soybean and the increase in glyphosate commercialization, concluding that crop productivity is more related to the correct management of the crop and the herbicide, the cultivar used, as well as adequate soil preparation.