Impactos materno-fetais da associação entre doença periodontal e Diabetes mellitus em ratas prenhes

Abstract

Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent oral inflammatory pathologies, and Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main risk factors, which is caused by insufficient secretion or inadequate insulin action. Both diseases cause negative pregnancy impacts, and their association could cause greater harm to the mother and offspring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the repercussions of diabetes and periodontitis association on rat pregnancy and their newborns. The mild diabetes was induced in females 24 hours after birth by the administration of Streptozotocin and confirmed after 110 days (adult life) by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The rats were mated and, with a positive diagnosis of pregnancy (day 0), periodontitis was induced by ligature of the lower left first molar. The pregnant rats were distributed into four experimental groups (n=12/group): nondiabetic and diabetic with and free of periodontitis. Body weight, water intake, and feed consumption were evaluated weekly and, on day 17 of pregnancy, maternal OGTT has performed again. On day 21 of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized to remove organs for weighing. Maternal blood samples were collected for the evaluation of immunological and biochemical parameters. The hemimandibles were collected for analysis of alveolar bone loss. The uterus was removed for evaluation of reproductive performance parameters and the newborns were weighed and analyzed for the presence of visceral and skeletal anomalies. Results showed that the group with diabetes and periodontitis association had a greater degree of alveolar bone loss, increase in blood glucose, the relative weight of the pancreas and spleen, increased serum concentrations of triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-cholesterol), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), an increased percentage of losses before implantation. In addition, these newborns had increased body weights and placental weight, a greater number of ossification centers, and a percentage of visceral and skeletal anomalies. Therefore, data show that maternal diabetes and periodontitis combination causes negative impacts both on maternal parameters and fetal development.