Efeito imunomodulador da cafeína associada em sistema de liberação modificada sobre fagócitos e células tumorais da mama

Abstract

Caffeine is present in a wide variety of plants, it is currently the most consumed psychostimulant in the world, its consumption is associated with several health benefits, including the modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response, reduction of cellular oxidative stress and decreased incidence. of some types of cancer, including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer among women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. According to the Global Cancer Observatory, in 2018 it was the cancer with the highest incidence, with approximately 2 million cases registered worldwide, it is estimated that the number will increase to more than 3 million in 2040. new drugs for more effective treatment of breast tumors has been increasing every year, but it still remains a great challenge. The interaction between biomaterials and drugs has made possible a great advance in science for the development of controlled drug delivery systems and has been used to treat numerous pathologies. This work aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of caffeine associated or not with polyethylene glycol adsorbed in microemulsion (MLP) on MCF-7 cells, phagocytic cells (MN) and co-culture. For the biological assays, ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, USA) cell lines of breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and blood obtained from voluntary donors were used, the cells (MN and MCF-7) and co-culture were treated with caffeine. and MLP and incubated for rheological characterization analysis: flow and viscosity curve, oxidative stress: superoxide anion assay (O2-) and superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn-SOD) enzyme activity and phagocyte apoptosis (MN). Statistical analyzes were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test for analyzes that presented p < 0.05 and correlation between the values of viscosity and apoptosis assays was performed using Spearman's test. Immunomodulatory effects were seen in the treated cells as caffeine and MLP increased the viscosity of blood and MCF-7 cells. When the ability of caffeine associated or not with MLP to modulate the oxidative stress metabolism of MN phagocytes, MCF-7 cells and co-culture was evaluated, it was observed that both reduced O2- in the co-culture (MN and MCF- 7), caffeine associated with MLP reduced O2- from MN phagocytes and SOD from the co-culture (MN and MCF-7) and increased O2- from MCF-7 cells and SOD from MN phagocytes and MCF- cells. 7. Caffeine decreased O2- of MCF-7 and co-culture cells (MN and MCF-7) and SOD of MCF-7 cells. In the apoptosis assay it was observed that MLP significantly induced apoptosis of MN cells, viscosity was inversely correlated with apoptosis. These data suggest that caffeine associated or not with MLP induced immunomodulatory effects in MN phagocytes and MCF-7 cells, demonstrating antitumor activity, via oxidative stress, and may be a complementary alternative for the treatment of breast cancer.