Etnobotânica e saberes tradicionais na comunidade Vale dos Sonhos, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso - Brasil

Abstract

Ethnobotany is an interdisciplinary field that includes the study and interpretation of knowledge, cultural significance, management and traditional uses of flora elements. The objective was to register and systematize the ethnobotanical importance in productive farms, through empirical knowledge in the Vale dos Sonhos - MT community. The methodological aspect was given through qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical techniques. For the qualitative treatment, the techniques Snow Ball, Pre-test, Guided Tour, Semi-structured interview, with registration of the popular name, indications of uses and forms of uses of the plants were applied. In order to quantitatively test the ethnobotanical information, Loyalty Level (FL) and Relative Frequency of Use (Pcup%) were used. In total, 50 residents were interviewed, 60% female. The age ranged from 18 to 83 years, being 42% natural from the state of Mato Grosso. For over 40 years, 44% of respondents have lived in the community. The level of education varied from non-literate to higher level. The professions, for women the majority of the household and for the men work connected to the field, in the farms of the region. A floristic richness of 105 plant species distributed in 45 botanical families was found, with 1003 citations, in the ethnocategories: feeding the most cited and medicinal most represented in relation to wealth.The ethnocategories of plant uses in the Valley of Dreams community with the highest frequencies of citations, in relation to the citation by categories, are medicinal with 51.42%, food with 48.57%, mystic-religious (3.8%), and ornamental (1,9). The medicinal species with the highest Pcup% were Mint (Mentha x villosa), more expressive (69%), followed by Dysphania ambrosioides (Mentruz) (38%), Lippia alba (Mill.) E.Br. ex P. Wilson (31%). In the sequence Plectranthus barbatus (Boldo), Mentha pulegium L. (Poeijo), Aloe vera (Babosa). Thirty-six organic conditions were mentioned, which are treated with medicinal plants. The backyards of the Vale dos SonhosMT community represent a modified landscape unit, representing configurations of values and symbolism by multiple uses. These quintals represent a site for the in situ conservation of species, as well as sites for the propagation of Cerrado native plants and exotic plants.