Análise esportômica do método de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade : o CrossFit ®

Abstract

CrossFit (CF), a submodality of High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) or High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), has been gaining more and more practitioners all over the world. Its practice aims to develop at least one of the 10 physical skills: cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, vigor, power, speed, coordination, flexibility, agility, balance and precision. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate stress biomarkers related to the practice of CF through a systematic review and in response to a session of CF. For this purpose, the systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the registration number CRD42021165233. The databases used were: Scielo, Medline / PubMed, Lilacs, Bireme, Academic Google and Scopus, from the oldest records available to January 16th, 2020. The research was carried out by combining descriptors related to the terms “HIIT”, “HIFT” and “blood biomarkers”. Regarding muscle damage markers, studies revealed an increase in CK concentration, without significant changes in LDH. Regarding inflammatory markers, there was a reduction in proinflammatory markers (TNF-α IL-6) and an increase in IL-10. In turn, the general blood count showed a reduction in the values of almost all markers, except for some specific ones, such as reticulocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. The hormonal changes reported were proportional to the level of implemented training. Next, an observational and crosssectional cohort study was carried out, seeking to assess metabolic stress and the chronic and acute impacts on practitioners of the CF modality. Ten male individuals participated in the study, aged between 27 and 40 years old, divided into two groups: CF (N=5) and control (N=5). All participants were submitted to all pre-activity and post-activity assessment protocols, where body mass, height, blood pressure, heart rate, handgrip strength were measured, and blood and urine sampes were also collected. As results, it was observed that, cortisol and lactate are potential acute markers of stress, the behavior of heart rate and of double product, being synergistic with cortisol and lactate, presents itself as a noninvasive predictor of metabolic stress. Microalbuminuria (MAU) seems to be a promising biomarker, demonstrating that this type of exercise causes acute protein excretion in the first session, indicating the possibility of long-term kidney damage. The hematocrit did not present changes, increasing the strength of the data found.