Distribuição espacial e temporal da hanseníase em menores de 15 anos em Cuiabá-MT, 1999 a 2018

Abstract

Leprosy is a chronic, infectious, disabling and curable disease. It is a global public health problem. Brazil ranks second among countries with highest number of cases in the world, second only to India. In 2021, the state of Mato Grosso was the first in the total number of registered cases. In 2020 Cuiabá stood out for the high detection rates of the total number of cases, with 29.78 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of leprosy in children under 15 years of age in the municipality of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso, from1999 to 2018. Methodology: presents a quantitative approach with a descriptive and ecological design with analysis ofspatio-temporal distribution of leprosy in children under 15 years of age. Its study area was the neighborhoods of the city of Cuiabá. The study analyzed new confirmed cases of leprosy in children under 15 years old, notified by the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) provided by the Epidemiological Surveillance Coordination of the Mato Grosso State Health Department. The work was structured in two manuscripts according to the proposed objectives: manuscript 01- To characterize the epidemiological profile of new cases of leprosy in children under 15 years of age in the period from 1999 to 2018, in the city of Cuiabá, being evaluated the detection coefficient by 10,000 inhab. Manuscript 02 – To determine the occurrence of spatial clusters of leprosy cases in children under 15 years of age, from 1999 to 2018. The information was aggregated in four-year periods. Spatial analysis of the data was performed using the local Empirical Bayesian technique and the Moran MAP technique. To identify spatial clusters, the SCAN spatial scanning technique was used, which identifies the spatial cluster that most likely violates the null hypothesis of non-agglomeration and provides a powerful gauge of the presence or absence of the event, which is the Relative Risk (RR). Results: There was a higher proportion of leprosy cases among individuals younger than 15 years of age, male and mixed race (42.16%) and black (15.22%). In the operational classification, there was a reduction to paucibacillary and a significant importance to multibacillary. The tuberculoid clinical form had a frequency of (39.82%). Among the detected cases, 75.66% had physical disability at the time of diagnosis, Grade 0 corresponded to 47.79%. Cure percentage was above 50% until 2015. The second study, the northern, eastern and southern regions showed a hyperendemic pattern for the disease and with an autocorrelation index of medium(+/_) to high incidence (+/+) during the 20 years of analysis. Conclusion: Although there has been a considerable decrease in the detection of new cases of leprosy annually in the first two decades of the 21st century, the city of Cuiabá is still a persistent area of contagion.