Estudo de prevalência, fatores associados e tratamento do tabagismo em mulheres privadas de liberdade em Cuiabá - MT

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a disease that is considered a public health problem, as well as a risk factor for other diseases, which have a great impact on the morbidity and mortality of the population. It is essential to seek ways to alleviate this reality, offering specialized help to people who want to stop smoking and are unable to, due to the factors that interfere in this process. Among the various most vulnerable groups, the population deprived of liberty stands out, who usually live in crowded, poorly ventilated cells with limited access to health care. OBJECTIVE: To analyze tobacco use and predictors for smoking cessation in women deprived of liberty in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, during the period from november 2020 to october 2021. METHODS: This is an intervention study which was analyzed from the baseline. In the first phase, it was the transversal type with the entire population deprived of liberty. This was followed by a study of therapeutic intervention on uncontrolled smoking with a fixed prospective cohort of women deprived of liberty from the Ana Maria Couto May penitentiary, in Cuiabá-MT, between november 2020 and october 2021. The instruments were: a structured questionnaire to assess the population deprived of liberty with a form for the inmate from the prison management system, the Fagerström Test for tobacco dependence, scale for depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21), Questionnaire for screening the use of alcohol, tobacco and other substances (ASSIST ), and the Prochaska and DiClementi motivational scale. In the first study, the explanatory variables analyzed were sociodemographic, life history, legal status and use of other drugs, and the variable outcome was smoking. In the second, the explanatory variables were sociodemographic, prison history, Fagerström score for cigarette dependence, number of cigarettes smoked per day, degree of motivation for smoking cessation, anxiety, depression, stress and use of other drugs, having as variable smoking cessation outcome. In both studies, univariate, bivariate and Poisson regression analyzes were performed. In the first, the association measure was the prevalence ratio by the chi-square method and its Confidence Intervals; in the second, the accumulated relative risk and its confidence intervals were used, considering for statistical significance p < 0.05 in the final models. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was 87.6%. In the first study, in the final model, the variables age group 18-39 years, use of alcohol and marijuana, interaction between prison time 36 months or more and cocaine use were factors associated with smoking. In the second study after treatment, 25.2% stopped smoking. In the final analytical model, they remained as predictors for smoking cessation, Fagerström dependence scale less than six points, motivational stage in preparation/action, not being classified with anxiety by the DASS-21 scale, smoking 20 or fewer cigarettes per day, low risk for alcohol by the ASSIST Factor and practicing some religion.