Lesões autoprovocadas e suicídios em jovens negros residentes em Mato Grosso : tendência temporal e análise epidemiológica do período de 2011 a 2020

Abstract

Suicidal behavior encompasses four moments: suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, suicide attempt and suicide. Suicide attempts are considered intentionally self-inflicted injuries, which are defined as violence that the person practices against himself. Suicide is derived from an act provoked and carried out by the individual with the aim of ending his own life. In Brazil, the suicide mortality rate had a consistent increase over the years, especially in the young population. The involvement of suicide also varies according to ethnicity/color, with young black people in one of the most vulnerable groups. The objective of the study was to analyze the epidemiological profile and temporal trend of reported cases of self-inflicted injuries and suicides in young black people aged 15 to 29 years living in Mato Grosso from 2011 to 2020. This is a descriptive epidemiological research, with a quantitative approach, with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and Mortality Information System. The results showed that there was a statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in the number of reports of selfinflicted injuries and deaths by suicide, which confirms the hypothesis of an increasing trend over the last ten years in this population. There were some differences in the profile of nonfatal self-harm when compared with fatal cases, such as the predominance of self-harm and recurrences in females (67.0% and 53.4%, respectively) and deaths by suicide in males (82.2%). Although the frequencies differ, it was possible to demonstrate that both the occurrence of selfinflicted injuries and suicides occurred in young people between 20 and 29 years old (56.7% and 73.0%, respectively), with single/separated marital status (75.9% and 85. 1%, respectively) and had their residence as the predominant location for the act (89.5% and 67.6%, respectively). Recurrences of self-inflicted injuries occurred in more than half (52.2%) of young black men. The use of more lethal means in cases of self-inflicted injuries, as well as in suicides, such as hanging and firearms, draws attention and suggests easy access to these by this population. The research suggests the lack of attention in the state of Mato Grosso for this population regarding an important Public Health problem and the implementation of public policies aimed at this population group. In this sense, this study can contribute to the construction of strategies aimed at preventing these injuries in young black people residing in the state.