Violências contra mulheres negras : significações e ativismo dos movimentos de mulheres negras em Cuiabá-MT

Abstract

Violence against black women in Brazil is one of the main expressions of racial inequalities, oppressing, excluding, and placing them in a vulnerable condition in all spaces of society. Data from the Atlas of Violence 2020 show that in the year 2018 a woman was murdered in Brazil every two hours, totaling 4,519 victims, of these 68% were black. Violence against black women is a health problem that negatively impacts health services, besides being a violation of human rights. Racism is an aggravating factor that hinders access to and quality of care in health services, recognizing racism as a social determinant is fundamental to overcome and confront racial inequality in the SUS. This is exploratory research of qualitative approach, which seeks to investigate the social relations and the daily lives of black women belonging to Black Women's Movements in Cuiabá-MT, in order to understand how black women in Cuiabá-MT organize themselves and perform their activism and mobilization practices to confront the violence suffered by them. To analyze the data, we used the concept of intersectionality, which essentially emphasizes the intersections of "race" and "gender", also addressing class, as this contributes to structuring the experiences of black women, collaborating to understand the multiple sources of identity of these women. Six black women belonging to three Black Women's Movements in Cuiabá-MT (MMNC) participated in the research, namely: the Institute of Black Women of Mato Grosso (IMUNE), the Feminist Front of the UFMT and the Black Women's Collective (COMUN). It is known that in Brazilian society there is great difficulty in recognizing racism as aggravating the vulnerabilities of the black population, making it difficult to develop public policies that minimize the effect of racism on this population (MUNANGA, 1996). Considering that black women are the majority of the female population in Cuiabá-MT, and that violence is higher in this population group, it is essential to create strategies to promote equality of "gender" and "race" allied to the confrontation of violence. Such measures must consider the real differences between these women, reconciling public policies with the needs of black women. A major challenge is to unveil the panorama of care for black women and sensitize health institutions and their teams to the importance of fostering the debate on racism and health in all segments of health care services in Brazil. On the other hand, as violence against black women grows, so does the number of black women who organize themselves into movements, reinventing themselves to confront racism and violence, being proactive and not just reactive. "The invisible, by becoming visible, makes room for organization and struggle" (GOHN, 2020).