Impactos do agronegócio na saúde e no ambiente da Terra Indígena Tirecatinga : análise do plano de gestão territorial

Abstract

Brazilian agribusiness, based on the capitalist system that concentrates wealth in the hands of the bourgeoisie, has generated a process of segregation and exclusion that affects various populations in Brazilian society, among them the indigenous populations. The indigenous peoples who reside in the Tirecatinga Indigenous Land (T.I.) live near regions of intense monoculture cultivation in the state of Mato Grosso, facing constant pressure on their territory. In light of this, the question arises of how these communities narrate the impacts of agribusiness on health and the environment in their territories. In order to answer this question, our goal is to analyze the socio-environmental and health impacts caused by agribusiness, according to the narrative of the indigenous people of Tirecatinga. As a methodological proposal, we will use the analysis of the territorial and environmental management plan of this indigenous land and interviews with community representatives in order to understand how the management plan was built and about territory and aspects related to health and socio-environmental impacts generated by agribusiness. As a theoretical reference, we used the theory of social determinants of health proposed by Breilh (2010). This theory outlines how the process of production and consumption of goods and services, developed in the form of production chains, directly affects the health and quality of life of social groups, favoring those who own the means of production in economic and social terms, providing them with power and social recognition. In contrast, the workers and communities that inhabit the regions close to this exploitation suffer the burden of this process. Thus, we observe a close link between the health-disease process, the historical context, and the mode of production and consumption linked to the territory of the society studied. Among the results, obtained from the community's narrative, we emphasize the impacts on the relationship between IT and agribusiness in the state of Mato Grosso, which generate modifying processes, both in terms of protection and wear and tear on the environment, culture, territorial management, and social organization of the community. These changes directly affect the social, economic, and environmental issues that regulate life in Tirecatinga, occurring at various structural levels (general, particular, and singular). We conclude, therefore, that agribusiness in Tirecatinga subsumes the indigenous way of life to the capitalist model of production and consumption in an integrationist way, given the influence and power exerted by this model. However, we highlight that there are movements of struggle and resistance to resist and keep alive the traditional indigenous way of life in the face of the pressures generated by agribusiness.